Theater+D'Art

=Théâtre d'Art = =** The symbolist movement: ** =

When: late 19th century
==Why: for symbolist artists to express individual emotional experience through the subtle and suggestive use of symbolized language and images ==

Outcomes: spread to painting and the theatre; influenced the European and American literatures of the 20th century
===﻿ === ====Symbolism theater **flourished ** during the **modernist temperament **(1885-1940), which was the **rebellion against realism **. From the rejection towards the literal representation of human behavior and the physical world, **subjective visions **were born in theater. The search to portray **abstraction and distortion **created a conflictive relationship between perception and representation. ==== ====Thus, the **reaction to representationalism **is symbolism. This form of theater appreciates **imaginative perception **and aims beyond the objective examination of humans and the world proposed by naturalism and realism. It portrays symbols that **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">evoke feelings and hint the truth **, instead of explicitly revealing it. ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Symbolist production used **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">“décor” ** (decorations) to create the **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">illusion ** of a fictional atmosphere of colors and lines corresponding to the drama. In reference to the acting techniques a critic wrote that the actors “have a continual ecstatic air of perpetually being visionaries. As if hallucinatory (…) Their voices are cavernous, their diction choppy” ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Subjects of the past or the mystery of the present were presented on stage, in the attempt to convey a **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">universal truth **detached from time and place. This resulted in the drama being intricate to define logically due to its vagueness. ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ultimately, symbolism **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt;">broke the conventions of theater **and the audience expectations. ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">I don’t understand... <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Check out what Theater d’Art is in a simple explanation! **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Question: What is theater symbolism? ** **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Answer: a way of conveying ideas to the audience through images, colors and emotion, rather than only dialogue and characterization. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Ex. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** A black cloth could be used to symbolize death ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** A white sheet with a red stench could symbolize the loss of virginity ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** A red rose could symbolize romance **

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"> <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> ==<span style="color: #000000; display: inline; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**sym·bol·ist** == <span style="bottom: 1ex; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 0px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">   <span class="pronset" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">  <span style="url(http: //sp3.dictionary.com/en/i/dictionary/favorites/favorite_button.png); color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 19px; left: 4px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; top: 4px; width: 30px; z-index: 1;"><span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 18px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 30px;"> <span class="show_spellpr" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="prondelim" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[ <span class="pron" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="boldface" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">sim -b<span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">//uh// -list <span class="prondelim" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">] <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span class="pron_toggle" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ __    <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><span class="pg" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 0px;">//**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">–noun **// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="dnindex" style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; float: left; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 28px;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">1. ** <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 37px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a person __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|who] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">uses <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">symbols or symbolism. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="dnindex" style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; float: left; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 28px;">**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">2. ** <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 37px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a person versed in __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> study or interpretation of symbols. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="dnindex" style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; float: left; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 28px;">**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">3. ** <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 37px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="labset" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Literature // <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="dnindex" style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; float: left; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 28px;">**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a. ** <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a writer <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">who seeks <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">to __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|express] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">or evoke emotions, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">ideas, etc., by stressing the  <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|symbolic] __ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> value oflanguage, to which is ascribed  <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a capacity forcommunicating otherwise inexpressible visions ofreality. <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="dnindex" style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; float: left; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 28px;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">b. ** <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="labset" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">( <span class="ital-inline" style="color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">usually initial capital letter // <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">a member <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">of a group <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">ofchiefly  __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|french] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">and Belgian poets of the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">latter part of the19th century who sought to evoke aesthetic   <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> emotions byemphasizing the associative character of verbal, oftenprivate, __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[|images] __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> or by using synesthetic devices, as vowel  <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;"> sounds, presumably evocative of color  <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/symbolist)




 * Founder: Paul Fort ****,** (1872, Reims, France-1960, Argenlieu)

French poet and innovator of literary experiments - associated with the symbolist movement.

As a reaction to the Naturalistic theater, at age eighteen, Fort founded theThéâtre d’Art (1890–93). Through this style of theater he formalized backcloths and realistic setting, as well as acting, were substituted by visually appealing and symbolic performances.

=<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 160%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The magic of staging Théâtre d'Art = =<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">It all started in France, when the Théâtre d'Art and the Théâtre de l'Oeuvre put on plays by symbolist writers and held experimental poetry staging, which created controversy and fascination. = <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Use of vagueness and suggestiveness to reach higher spiritual meanings <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Emphasis on psychological elements through staging <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Visible shapes or forms of the characters; use of color <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Dream-like scenery <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Abstract settings that would evoke emotion rather than truth <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Portray the non-rational aspects of the characters and the play to obtain an emotional and unconscious response, rather <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 90%; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">than an intellectual one.

===<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">//**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt;">"The set should be a pure ornamental fiction which completes the illusion through analogies of colors and lines with the play.… Theater will be what it should be: a pretext for dream" (quoted in Deak, p. 145) **// === ===<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;"> ===

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Adaptations of the works by Edgar Allan Poe (translated by Mallarmé) ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">// Rosmersholm // by Henrik Ibsen staged by Lungé-Poe: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt;">"without any firm contours. The actors wander restlessly over the stage, resembling shadows drifting continuously on the wall. They like to move with their arms spread out, … like the apostles in old paintings who look as if they've been surprised during worship" (quoted in Deak, p. 189). ======

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 120%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Photo: Staging of //Rosmersholm//
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 160%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Influential French symbolists playwrights <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 150%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) ** <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 120%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Nationality: Norwegian **** ﻿ **

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 120%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Photo from left to right://Doll House// by Ibsen, Henrik Ibsen and **

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 120%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** //The Wild Duck// by Ibsen **

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Critic Camille Mauclair identified Ibsen with the symbolist struggle to express //"**libertarian ideas or taste for aestheticism"**// and **//"modern beauty."//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Often the plays featured stage sets created by Paul Sérusier and other artists from the symbolist group the Nabis. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Plays: //Ghosts, The Wild Duck, Hedda Gabler, A Doll's House, The Lady from the Sea, Rosmersholm,// and //An Enemy of// //the People// <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Counter point: Many Scandinavian critics believed Ibsen's play was realist and objected to his staging.

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">VIDEO
<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> []

<span class="long-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 0px initial initial; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Doll House" by Ibsen <span class="long-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 0px initial initial; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">("Une Maison de Poupée")

<span class="long-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 0px initial initial; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">VIDEO <span class="long-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; border: 0px initial initial; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"The Blind" by Maeterlinck

Play also known as "The Sightless", written in 1891 by the Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck. It is an intense one-act play that studies human nature, the act of waiting and the comfort found in hope Characters are not clearly shaped- they are twelve de-personalized beings. They are not given names, but rather titles describing each of their conditions. (eg. the eldest blind man). Play was originally written in French; then translated into many languages including English and German. Critics relate it to Samuel Beck's "Waiting for Godot" []

WALL OF QUOTES <span style="font-family: Palatino,helvetica,sans-serif;">To enrich our understanding of symbolist theater

====<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal;">"I am an anarchist in politics and an impressionist in art as well as a symbolist in literature. Not that I understand what these terms mean, but I take them to be all merely synonyms of pessimist" Henry Brooks Adams ====

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">"Castles in the air - they are so easy to take refuge in. And easy to build, too." Henrik Ibsen

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">"How strangely do we diminish a thing as soon as we try to express it in words" Maurice Maeterlinck

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">"All our knowledge merely helps us to die a more painful death than the animals that know nothing" Maurice Maeterlinck

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">"They believe that nothing will happen because they have closed their doors" Maurice Maeterlinck

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Times; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Times; font-size: medium;">
 * "Indeed, it is not in the actions but in the words that are found the beauty and greatness of tragedies that are truly beautiful and great; and this not solely in the words that accompany and explain the action, for there must perforce be another dialogue besides the one which is superficially necessary. And indeed the only words that count in the play are those that at first seemed useless, for it is therein that the essence lies. Side by side with the necessary dialogue will you almost always find another dialogue that seems superfluous; but examine it carefully, and it will be borne home to you that this is the only one that the soul can listen to profoundly, for here alone is it the soul that is being addressed…" <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Maurice Maeterlinck ||
 * "Great drama, if we observe it closely, is made up of three principal elements: first: verbal beauty; then, the contemplation and passionate portrayal of what actually exists about us and within us, that is to say, nature and our sentiments; and, finally enveloping the whole work and creating the atmosphere proper to it, the idea which the poet forms of the unknown in which float about beings and things which he evokes, the mystery which dominates them, judges them, and presides over their destinies. I have no doubt that this is the most important element." (from 'The Tragical in Daily Life' by Maurice Maeterlinck in The Treasure of the Humble, 1916) ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Bibliography: <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,fantasy; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal;">﻿http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/425539/Theatre-de-lOeuvre <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,fantasy; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal;">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577796/Symbolist-movement/7054/Symbolist-theatre <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,fantasy; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal;">http://www.helium.com/items/1298333-naturalism-and-symbolism-in-19th-century-theater <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,fantasy; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal;">http://litera1no4.tripod.com/dramahistory.html <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,fantasy; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal;">http://science.jrank.org/pages/11381/Symbolism-Symbolist-Theater.html